Browsing by Author "Depren, Ozer"

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Exploring Role of Energy-Related Research and Development Investments, Income, and Energy Sub-Types on Environmental Change in the USA by Marginal Effect Analysis
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2026-04-21) Taskin, Dilvin; Depren, Ozer; Ayhan, Fatih; Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik
In response to the climate change problem, ensuring a transformation to green economies is highly critical. Therefore, countries have been trying to make their economies decarbonized by taking various measures. Accordingly, this study examines the USA case by using carbon dioxide emissions (load capacity factor) as the main (robustness) environmental proxy, considers energy-related research and development (R&D) investment types as main explanatory variables, controls income and energy utilization sub-types, and performs a novel kernel-based least squares (KRLS) model on data from 1974 to 2022 to apply a marginal effect analysis. The results show that (i) R&D investment sub-types have an insignificant effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions; (ii) income structure does not contribute in greening economy; (iii) among energy utilization sub-types, only renewable energy has a decreasing effect on CO2 emissions, whereas nuclear and fossil energy sub-types have a reverse ones; (iv) the effects of the factors on CO2 emissions differentiate across percentiles and estimation models; (v) the robustness of the empirical results are verified based on alternative indicator; (vi) the KRLS model has a high estimation capability around 99.7%. Hence, the empirical results reveal the critical role of renewable energy use, while the current R&D investment structure, energy utilization, and income are not supportive of a green economy in the USA because these do not provide a decrease in CO2 emissions.
Citation - WoS: 1
Role of Market and Nonmarket-Based Environmental Policies, Energy Use, and Income on Environmental Sustainability: The Case of G7 Countries
(Elsevier, 2025-12) Gafarli, Galib; Taskin, Dilvin; Depren, Ozer; Ayhan, Fatih; Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik
Because the role of stringent environmental policies, energy use, and eco-friendly economic growth is highly critical in combating climate-related problems and preserving environmental quality, this study uncovers the incremental impact of aforementioned factors on load capacity factor (LCF) in G7 countries between 2000 and 2020 by performing a kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) model. The outcomes show that (i) gross domestic product (GDP) has only a supporting impact on LCF in the USA; (ii) market-based environmental policies are beneficial in Canada, France, Japan, and the USA; (iii) nonmarket-based environmental policies are helpful in France and USA; (iv) renewable energy use has positive support in Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and USA; (v) fossil energy use is harmful in all countries; (vi) the KRLS model has a high prediction performance; (vii) with regarding to G7 countries, the USA has the most positive condition. Thus, the study empirically highlights the average and pointwise incremental impact of the factors considered on LCF across countries and percentiles. Accordingly, the study discusses various policy options, such as mainly focusing on market-based environmental policies through making required regulations, considering also nonmarket-based environmental policies as a supportive mechanism, relying on further use of renewable energy through support packages and incentives, which should be taken into account in case of any additional measures application in the environmental area.