Browsing by Author "Dogruyol, Burak"

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Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Multidimensional intuitive–analytic thinking style and its relation to moral concerns epistemically suspect beliefs and ideology
(Society for Judgment and Decision making, 2023) Fatih Bayrak; Burak Doǧruyol; Sinan Alper; Onurcan Yilmaz; Dogruyol, Burak; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih
Literature highlights the distinction between intuitive and analytic thinking as a prominent cognitive style distinction leading to the proposal of various theories within the framework of the dual process model. However it remains unclear whether individuals differ in their thinking styles along a single dimension from intuitive to analytic or if other dimensions are at play. Moreover the presence of numerous thinking style measures employing different terminology but conceptually overlapping leads to confusion. To address these complexities Newton et al. suggested the idea that individuals vary across multiple dimensions of intuitive–analytic thinking styles and distinguished thinking styles between 4 distinct types: Actively open-minded thinking close-minded thinking preference for effortful thinking and preference for intuitive thinking. They proposed a new measure for this 4-factor disposition The 4-Component Thinking Styles Questionnaire (4-CTSQ) to comprehensively capture the psychological outcomes related to thinking styles, however no independent test exists. In the current pre-registered studies we test the validity of 4-CTSQ for the first time beyond the original study and examine the association of the proposed measure with various factors including morality conspiracy beliefs paranormal and religious beliefs vaccine hesitancy and ideology in an underrepresented culture Türkiye. We found that the correlated 4-factor model of 4-CTSQ is an appropriate measure to capture individual differences based on cognitive style. The results endorse the notion that cognitive style differences are characterized by distinct structures rather than being confined to two ends of a single continuum. © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - Scopus: 3
Reflection predicts and leads to decreased conspiracy belief
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Fatih Bayrak; Vahdet Sümer; Burak Doǧruyol; Selahattin Adil Saribay; Sinan Alper; Ozan Isler; Onurcan Yilmaz; Sümer, Vahdet; Saribay, S. Adil; Isler, Ozan; Dogruyol, Burak; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih
Recent research indicates a generally negative relationship between reflection and conspiracy beliefs. However most of the existing research relies on correlational data on WEIRD (Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic) populations. The few existing experimental studies are limited by weak manipulation techniques that fail to reliably activate cognitive reflection. Hence questions remain regarding (1) the consistency of the negative relationship between conspiracy beliefs and cognitive reflection (2) the extent of cross-cultural variation and potential moderating factors and (3) the presence of a causal link between cognitive reflection and conspiracy beliefs. In two preregistered studies we investigated the association between cognitive reflection and conspiracy beliefs. First we studied the correlation between two variables across 48 cultures and investigated whether factors such as WEIRDness and narcissism (personal and collective) moderate this relationship. In the second study we tested the causal effect of reflection using a reliable and effective manipulation technique—debiasing training—on both generic and specific conspiracy beliefs. The first study confirmed the negative association between reflection and belief in conspiracy theories across cultures with the association being notably stronger in non-WEIRD societies. Both personal and collective narcissism played significant moderating roles. The second study demonstrated that debiasing training significantly decreases both generic and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs in a non-WEIRD context with more pronounced effects for general conspiracy beliefs. Our research supports that reflection is a consistent cross-cultural predictor of conspiracy beliefs and that activating reflection can reduce such beliefs through rigorous experimental interventions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 100
The five-factor model of the moral foundations theory is stable across WEIRD and non-WEIRD cultures
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2019) Burak Dogruyol; Sinan Alper; Onurcan Yilmaz; Dogruyol, Burak; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan
Although numerous models attempted to explain the nature of moral judgment moral foundations theory (MFT) led to a paradigmatic change in this field by proposing pluralist moralities (care fairness loyalty authority sanctity). The five-factor structure of MFT is thought to be universal and rooted in the evolutionary past but the evidence is scarce regarding the stability of this five-factor structure across diverse cultures. We tested this universality argument in a cross-cultural dataset of 30 diverse societies spanning the WEIRD (Western educated industrialized rich democratic) and non-WEIRD cultures by testing measurement invariance of the short-form of the moral foundations questionnaire. The results supported the original conceptualization that there are at least five diverse moralities although loadings of items differ across WEIRD and non-WEIRD cultures. In other words the current research shows for the first time that the five-factor structure of MFT is stable in the WEIRD and non-WEIRD cultures.