Browsing by Author "Dural, Seda"

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Do reading habits provide any insight into the absence of SNARC effect in the Turkish sample?
(JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2024) Ceren Kaya; Aysenur Candemir; Duru Kaya; Hakan Cetinkaya; Seda Dural; Dural, Seda; Candemir, Aysenur; Kaya, Duru; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Kaya, Ceren
Exploring the role of embodied cognition on SNARC: Impact of hand position on foot responses
(JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2024) Elvin N. Tunc; Muberra Macin; Hakan Cetinkaya; Seda Dural; Dural, Seda; Tunc, Elvin N.; Macin, Muberra; Cetinkaya, Hakan
How does practice under different representational contexts change SNAs over time?
(JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2024) Seda Dural; Ezgi Palaz; Hakan Cetinkaya; Dural, Seda; Palaz, Ezgi; Cetinkaya, Hakan
Investigating No sNARC: Do Reading Habits Provide Insight into the sNARC Patterns of Turkish Sample?
(BRILL, 2025) Ceren Kaya; Aysenur Candemir; Duru Kaya; Hakan Cettnkaya; Seda Dural; Dural, Seda; Candemır, Ayşenur; Cettnkaya, Hakan; Kaya, Duru; Çetınkaya, Hakan; Kaya, Ceren
The mental number line (MNL) represents numbers spatially with smaller numbers on the left and larger numbers on the right as demonstrated by the sNARC effect. This effect is influenced by reading direction with left-to-right languages (e.g. English) showing a stronger sNARC effect compared to right-to-left languages (e.g. Hebrew). However previous research has shown the absence of SNARC in Turkish samples despite a left-to-right reading orientation. This study explored the role of reading habits in the SNARC effect among Turkish participants (N = 50). Participants categorized as light or heavy readers completed a parity judgment task. Both one-sample t-tests and Bayesian analysis revealed no SNARC effect in either group. These findings suggest that reading habits alone may not explain the absence of SNARC in Turkish participants. The lack of the effect may be influenced by other factors such as cultural differences or the specific characteristics of the Turkish language.
Magnitude-space representations in the n-back task: Long-term representations of magnitudes alter the working memory performance
(Springer, 2025) Ilgım Hepdarcan; Hakan Çetinkaya; Seda Dural; Dural, Seda; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Hepdarcan, Ilgim
Prior research has predominantly examined the role of working memory (WM) in tasks involving numerical information and spatial properties such as memorizing number sequences and performing parity judgment and magnitude comparison. In contrast to focusing solely on the effect of WM on number judgment tasks our study investigates how magnitude-space associations affect WM task performance emphasizing long-term representations specifically the concept of mental number line (MNL) compatibility (small items on the left large items on the right) in long-term memory (LTM). Moving from the idea of representations within LTM contribute to the functioning of WM during task execution we explore the effects of congruent incongruent and negative congruent numerical and non-numerical magnitude–space associations on magnitude-based 1-back (low WM load) and 2-back (high WM load) tasks. MNL compatible n-back and test items are congruent MNL compatible n-back and MNL incompatible (small on the right large on the left) test items (or vice versa) are incongruent and MNL incompatible n-back and test items are considered negative congruent. Because negative congruent and incongruent representations may not activate existing representations in LTM as congruent representations we expected worse WM performance in negative congruent and incongruent trials than in congruent trials. Results reveal that congruent and incongruent representations elicit more accurate and rapid responses than negative congruents suggesting that congruent and incongruent representations contribute to task execution. Additionally we observe a size effect for small numerical magnitudes and a reverse size effect for large physical magnitudes pointing towards the coactivation of LTM and WM in magnitude–space relations. © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Modulating learning performance through the pairing of emotions with different SNAs
(JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2024) Bengi Kamar; Hakan Cetinkaya; Beria Haugen; Seda Dural; Haugen, Beria; Dural, Seda; Kamar, Bengi; Cetinkaya, Hakan
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 7
No SNARC Effect Among Left- to-Right Readers: Evidence From a Turkish Sample
(UNIV ECONOMICS & HUMAN SCIENCES WARSAW, 2023) Merve Bulut; Ilgim Hepdarcan; Ezgi Palaz; Hakan Cetinkaya; Seda Dural; Bulut, Merve; Dural, Seda; Hepdarcan, Ilgim; Palaz, Ezgi; Cetinkaya, Hakan
The spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) refers to the faster left-hand respons- es to smaller numbers and faster right-hand responses to larger numbers. Although easily repli- cable in Western cultures the prevalence of the SNARC effect in other cultures has long been an issue. In the current study we aimed to replicate the SNARC effect in a parity judgement task with Turkish participants (N=66) whose reading habits are entirely left-to-right. The results revealed no SNARC effect. To the best of our knowledge this is the first finding indicating the absence of regu- lar SNARC effect among left-to-right readers in a classical parity judgement task. Based on these findings we suggest that investigations of cultural influences on spatial-numerical associations should take a broader perspective rather than only focusing on reading habits.
ÖRGÜTSEL ÇEKİCİLİK: BİR ÖLÇEK UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI
(2014) Seda DURAL; Merve ALİNÇE; Gonca ASLAN; Aylin ARAZA; Dural, Seda; Aslan, Gonca; Araza, Aylin; Alinçe, Merve
Bu çalışmanın amacı Highhouse vd. (2003) tarafından geliştirilen Örgütsel Çekicilik Ölçeğini (ÖÇÖ) Türkçe'ye kazandırmak ve geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini yapmaktır. Ölçek öncelikle araştırmacılar ve bir dil uzmanı tarafından Türkçe'yeçevrilmiş ardından ifadeler iki dilli 15 uzmanın görüşüne başvurularak dil ve anlam uygunluğu bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Öneriler doğrultusunda son şeklini alan Türkçe form iki aşamada uygulanmıştır. İlk aşamada test-tekrar test güvenirliğini sınamak amacıyla ölçek iki hafta ara ile 50 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Test tekrar-test güvenirlik katsayısı birincil değerlendirme için 0 85 ikincil değerlendirme için 0 89 olarak bulunmuştur. Uygulamanın ikinci aşamasında anket 257 öğrenciye uygulanarak ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı 0 89 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ÖÇÖ'nün özgün ölçekte olduğu gibi üç faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Hiçbir madde atılmadan 15 madde ile üç boyutu ölçen geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek elde edilmiştir.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Practice-induced SNARC: evidence from a null-SNARC sample
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2024) Ezgi Palaz; Hakan Cetinkaya; Zeynep Tuncali; Bengi Kamar; Seda Dural; Dural, Seda; Tuncali, Zeynep; Palaz, Ezgi; Çetinkaya, Hakan; Kamar, Bengi
The mental representation of numbers inherently involves a spatial organization often positioning smaller numbers to the left and larger numbers to the right. The SNARC effect characterized by faster responses to small numbers using the left hand and vice versa for large numbers is typically attributed to this left-to-right oriented mental number line (MNL). However the direction of the SNARC effect seems to rely on reading direction with most research exploring these mechanisms conducted within left-to-right reading cultures where the SNARC effect is prevalent. This study takes advantage of a sample from a left-to-right reading culture that does not exhibit the SNARC effect allowing us to isolate and elucidate the stand-alone effects of recent experiences on SNARC. Therefore the current study aims to investigate how MNL-compatible and MNL-incompatible practices induce an effect within a sample lacking the SNARC effect. To accomplish this we reinvited the individuals from the sample which had previously shown no SNARC and retested those who agreed to take part in the current study after an MNL-compatible or MNL-incompatible practice manipulation. The findings revealed an absence of the SNARC effect with MNL-compatible practices. Conversely MNL-incompatible practices yielded a reverse SNARC effect. These results prompt a discussion on SNARC mechanisms within the framework of practice effects.
Practice-induced SNARC: MNL compatibility in a No-SNARC sample
(JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2024) Hakan Cetinkaya; Ezgi Palaz; Zeynep Tuncali; Bengi Kamar; Seda Dural; Dural, Seda; Tuncali, Zeynep; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Palaz, Ezgi; Kamar, Bengi
Representational Context Modulates the Direction and Transiency of Practice Effects on SNARC
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2026) Palaz, Ezgi; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Dural, Seda
The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect typically results in faster left-hand responses for small numbers and right-hand responses for large numbers, aligning with the concept of the mental number line (MNL). It is a robust but a flexible phenomenon that can reverse direction depending on the spatial-numerical mappings employed. This study investigates the potential modulatory effects of two contrasting representational contexts (ruler vs. clockface) on the emergence and persistence of the SNARC effect under two opposing spatial-numerical practices (MNL-compatible vs. MNL-incompatible). In Experiment 1, a magnitude classification task was employed as a practice session including either MNL-compatible or MNL-incompatible stimulus-response mappings, and the transfer and transiency of practice effects were examined by engaging participants in three test parity judgment tasks administered 5 min, 1 day, and 1 week after the practice session. In Experiment 2, different representational contexts were introduced during practice sessions. Experiment 2a utilized an image of a ruler as the context consistent with the MNL, while Experiment 2b employed a clockface image as an inconsistent context. Participants underwent testing three times to assess changes in performance over time. Results revealed that MNL-compatible practice effects did not transfer while MNL-incompatible practice effects resulted in a reverse SNARC effect persisting for up to 1 day. However, introducing the ruler context eliminated this transfer, while the clockface context reduced the persistence of the practice effect.
Revisiting the SNARC effect with magnitude comparison task in a null-SNARC sample
(JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2024) Ilayda Korkut; Hakan Cetinkaya; Ilgim Hepdarcan; Ezgi Gur; Seda Dural; Korkut, Ilayda; Dural, Seda; Hepdarcan, Ilgim; Gur, Ezgi; Cetinkaya, Hakan
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 2
Revisiting the SNARC effect: testing magnitude classification in a Turkish sample typically lacking the SNARC effect
(ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2025) Seda Dural; Hakan Cetinkaya; Ilgim Hepdarcan; Ezgi Gur; Ilayda Korkut; Dural, Seda; Korkut, Ilayda; Hepdarcan, Ilgim; Gur, Ezgi; Cetinkaya, Hakan
This study investigates the SNARC effect in Turkish participants using a magnitude classification task to examine the roles of semantic influences and cultural experiences. While prior research has shown the absence of the SNARC effect in a parity judgment among Turkish participants who read from left to right our findings further confirm its absence in a magnitude classification task even when semantic demands are minimised. Instead a robust distance effect was observed pointing out the involvement of spatial number processing in the task. These findings are discussed in the context of possible multiple spatial mappings shaped by Turkey's unique cultural and historical background which may hinder the development of a dominant spatial-numerical association. Future research incorporating explicit spatial primes linked to various cultural experiences could clarify the mechanisms underlying the variability of SNARC effects and offer valuable insights into the relationship between cultural history and cognitive processes.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
SNARC effect in a transfer paradigm: long-lasting effects of stimulus-response compatibility practices
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2025) Merve Bulut; Hakan Cetinkaya; Seda Dural; Bulut, Merve; Dural, Seda; Çetinkaya, Hakan
The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect refers to the phenomenon of faster left-hand responses to smaller numbers and faster right-hand responses to larger ones. The current study examined the possible long-lasting effects of magnitude-relevant stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) practices on the SNARC effect in a transfer paradigm. Participants performed a magnitude classification task including either SNARC-compatible or SNARC-incompatible trials as practice. They performed a parity judgment task in the subsequent transfer session administered five minutes one day or a week after the practice session. Results revealed significant SNARC effects after compatible practices and significant reverse SNARC effects after incompatible practices in all time-interval conditions. However a control group without practice showed no reliable SNARC effect. These findings suggest that the SNARC effect can be influenced by magnitude-relevant associations formed a week previously highlighting the long-lasting effects of magnitude-relevant SRC practices on the SNARC effect.
SNARC in emotional context: Gender assessment of facial expressions modulates parity performance
(JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2024) Zeynep Tuncali; Hakan Cetinkaya; Seda Dural; Dural, Seda; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Tuncali, Zeynep
Space-Magnitude Associations Modulate the Familiar-Size Stroop Effect in Visual Size Judgments
(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Dural, Seda; Cetinkaya, Hakan; Sefikoglu, Melike
The familiar-size Stroop effect shows how prior knowledge of an object's real-world size influences visual size judgments, slowing reactions when familiar and visual sizes conflict. This study examined how space-magnitude associations, specifically mental number line (MNL) compatibility, interact with Stroop congruency. Participants compared the visual sizes of two objects, ignoring real-world sizes, and identified either the smaller or the larger object across four conditions: Stroop-congruent/MNL-compatible, Stroop-congruent/MNL-incompatible, Stroop-incongruent/MNL-compatible, and Stroop-incongruent/MNL-incompatible. Tasks followed small-then-large or large-then-small identification sequences. Results showed MNL compatibility modulates Stroop interference: MNL-compatible (small-left, large-right) presentations reduced interference, while MNL-incompatible (large-left, small-right) presentations increased it, depending on task type and order. RT distribution analyses revealed MNL effects emerged in slower bins for Stroop-congruent trials and faster bins for Stroop-incongruent trials within small-then-large sequences. These findings suggest that space-magnitude associations shape the familiar-size Stroop effect, revealing a complex relationship between spatial and conceptual representations in size judgment.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Testing the memory reconsolidation hypothesis in a fear extinction paradigm: The effects of ecological and arbitrary stimuli
(SPRINGER, 2022) Seda Dural; Ezgi Gur; Hakan Cetinkaya; Gur, Ezgi; Dural, Seda; Cetinkaya, Hakan
Various studies demonstrated that extinction training taking place shortly after the activation of the acquired fear could weaken the conditioned fear. The procedure is called post-retrieval extinction (PRE). However from the time it emerged it has suffered from inconsistencies in the ability of researchers to replicate the seemingly established effects. Extant literature implies that conditioned fear might be differentially sensitive to the nature of conditioned stimuli (CS) used. The aim of the present study therefore is threefold. First we aimed to replicate Schiller et al. (Nature 463 49-53.2010) procedure in which the PRE had produced positive results with arbitrary CSs only. Also we examined the PRE as a function of CS type (ecological-fear-relevant (images of spider and snake) vs. arbitrary (images of yellow and blue circles)). Finally we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of the PRE (i.e. 24 h 15 d and 3 mo). The study consisted of acquisition re-activation and extinction and re-extinction phases. Dependent measure was the recovery of fear responses as indexed by the skin conductance responses (SCRs) and arousal ratings of the participants at the last trial of the extinction and the first trial of the re-extinction. All groups showed significant acquisition and extinction patterns compared to the other two groups (i.e. 6 h after the activating CS and without an activating stimulus) only the group that undertook extinction trials 10 min after the activating CS showed a sustained extinction. Thus our findings provided further evidence for the robustness of the PRE paradigm in preventing the recovery of extinguished fears behaviorally both with ecological and arbitrary stimuli.