Modernization collectivism and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries

dc.contributor.author Piotr Sorokowski
dc.contributor.author Marta Kowal
dc.contributor.author Robert J. Sternberg
dc.contributor.author Toivo Aavik
dc.contributor.author Grace A. Akello
dc.contributor.author Mohammad Madallh Alhabahba
dc.contributor.author Charlotte Alm
dc.contributor.author Naumana Amjad
dc.contributor.author Afifa Anjum
dc.contributor.author Kelly Asao
dc.contributor.author Aavik, Toivo
dc.contributor.author Kowal, Marta
dc.contributor.author Sorokowska, Agnieszka
dc.contributor.author Sternberg, Robert J.
dc.contributor.author Akello, Grace
dc.contributor.author Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh
dc.contributor.author Sorokowski, Piotr
dc.date.accessioned 2025-10-06T17:49:20Z
dc.date.issued 2023
dc.description.abstract Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural social or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study we explored whether countries’ modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion intimacy commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries we tested for relationships with country-level predictors namely modernization proxies (i.e. Human Development Index World Modernization Index Gender Inequality Index) collectivism and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies collectivism and average annual temperatures. In conclusion our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences. © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
dc.description.sponsorship Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN, (2014/13/B/HS6/02644, AH/S00402511); Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN
dc.description.sponsorship Funding was provided by Narodowe Centrum Nauki (Grant No. 2014/13/B/HS6/02644). Uganda's study was supported by a grant: AH/S00402511.
dc.description.sponsorship Narodowe Centrum Nauki [2014/13/B/HS6/02644, AH/S00402511]
dc.identifier.doi 10.1038/s41598-022-26663-4
dc.identifier.issn 20452322
dc.identifier.issn 2045-2322
dc.identifier.scopus 2-s2.0-85146322573
dc.identifier.uri https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146322573&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-022-26663-4&partnerID=40&md5=f3e08132e39ebd51b3dc4179cfce25be
dc.identifier.uri https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/8383
dc.identifier.uri https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26663-4
dc.language.iso English
dc.publisher Nature Research
dc.relation.ispartof Scientific Reports
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.source Scientific Reports
dc.subject Adult, Article, Female, Gender Equity, Gender Inequality, Human, Human Development, Human Experiment, Intimacy, Major Clinical Study, Male, Love, Sexual Behavior, Sexuality, Social Change, Gender Equity, Humans, Love, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Social Change
dc.subject adult, article, female, gender equity, gender inequality, human, human development, human experiment, intimacy, major clinical study, male, love, sexual behavior, sexuality, social change, Gender Equity, Humans, Love, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Social Change
dc.title Modernization collectivism and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries
dc.type Article
dspace.entity.type Publication
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gdc.author.id Linh, Trinh Thi/0000-0002-4722-9852
gdc.author.id Prokop, Pavol/0000-0003-2016-7468
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gdc.author.id Bizumic, Boris/0000-0003-2574-4893
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gdc.author.wosid Frackowiak, Tomasz/H-9011-2017
gdc.author.wosid Özener, Barış/AAC-5491-2020
gdc.author.wosid Esteves, Carla Sofia/ABA-7975-2021
gdc.author.wosid JAAFAR, JAS LAILE SUZANA/AFW-3787-2022
gdc.author.wosid Czub, Marcin/KLY-5709-2024
gdc.author.wosid Atamturk, Derya/AAN-7313-2020
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gdc.description.departmenttemp [Sorokowski, Piotr; Kowal, Marta; Czub, Marcin; Frackowiak, Tomasz; Oleszkiewicz, Anna; Pisanski, Katarzyna; Sorokowska, Agnieszka] Univ Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland; [Sternberg, Robert J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA; [Aavik, Toivo] Univ Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; [Akello, Grace] Gulu Univ, Gulu, Uganda; [Alhabahba, Mohammad Madallh] Middle East Univ, Amman, Jordan; [Alm, Charlotte; Lindholm, Torun] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden; [Amjad, Naumana] NUR Int Univ, Lahore, Pakistan; [Anjum, Afifa; Shahid, Anam] Univ Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; [Asao, Kelly] Westminster Coll, Salt Lake City, UT USA; [Atama, Chiemezie S.; Onyishi, Ike E.] Univ Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; [Duyar, Derya Atamturk; Duyar, Izzet; Ertugrul, Berna; Ozener, Baris] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkiye; [Ayebare, Richard] THETA Uganda, Kampala, Uganda; [Conroy-Beam, Daniel; Walter, Kathryn V.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; [Bendixen, Mons; Kennair, Leif Edward Ottesen] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; [Bensafia, Aicha] Univ Algiers 2, Algiers, Algeria; [Bizumic, Boris; Lennard, Georgina R.; McKerchar, Sarah L.; Monaghan, Conal] Australian Natl Univ AU, Canberra, ACT, Australia; [Boussena, Mahmoud; Guemaz, Farida] Univ Setif2, Setif, Algeria; [Buss, David M.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA; [Butovskaya, Marina; Dronova, Daria] Inst Ethnol & Anthropol, Moscow, Russia; [Can, Seda; Dural, Seda] Izmir Univ Econ, Izmir, Turkiye; [Carrier, Antonin; Herak, Iskra; Kervyn, Nicolas] Catholic Univ Louvain, Louvain La Neuve, Belgium; [Cetinkaya, Hakan] Yasar Univ, Izmir, Turkiye; [Croy, Ilona] Tech Univ Dresden, Izmir, Germany; [Cueto, Rosa Maria; Espinosa, Agustin; Leon, Ernesto] Pontificia Univ Catolica Peru, Lima, Peru; [Estevan, Ignacio; Mailhos, Alvaro] Univ Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; [Esteves, Carla Sofia] Univ Catolica Portuguesa, Catolica Lisbon Sch Business & Econ, Lisbona, Portugal; [Garduno, Jorge Contreras] Unidad Morelia UNAM, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico; [Gonzalez, Karina Ugalde; Vega, Luis Diego] Univ Latina Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica; [Halamova, Maria; Zatkova, Marta] Constantine Philosopher Univ Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia; [Horvat, Marina; Musil, Bojan] Univ Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; [Hromatko, Ivana; Salkicevic, Svjetlana; Tadinac, Meri] Univ Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; [Hui, Chin-Ming] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China; [Jaafar, Jas Laile] Univ Malaya, Lumpur, Malaysia; [Jiang, Feng] Univ Greenwich, London, England; [Kafetsios, Konstantinos] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; [Kafetsios, Konstantinos] Palacky Univ Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; [Kavcic, Tina; Zupancic, Maja] Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; [Ha, Truong Thi Khanh; Lan, Hoang Moc; Linh, Trinh Thi; Van Luot, Nguyen] Univ Social Sci & Humanities VNU Hanoi, Hanoi, Vietnam; [Khilji, Imran Ahmed] Islamabad Model Coll Boys, Islamabad, Pakistan; [Kobis, Nils C.] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Kostic, Aleksandra; Pejicic, Marija] Univ Nis, Nish, Serbia; [Lang, Andras; Mesko, Norbert] Univ Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; [Pagani, Ariela Francesca] Univ Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy; [Manesi, Zoi] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; [Martinez, Rocio; Moya-Garofano, Alba] Univ Granada, Grenada, Grenada; [Misra, Girishwar; Sharad, Shivantika] Univ Delhi, Delhi, India; [Mora, Emanuel C.; Pisanski, Annette] Univ Havana, Havana, Cuba; [Natividade, Jean Carlos] Pontifical Catholic Univ Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil; [Nizharadze, George] Free Univ Tbilisi, Tbilisi, Georgia; [Oberzaucher, Elisabeth; Schmehl, Susanne] Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria; [Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian] Univ Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia; [Lopez, Giulia; Parise, Miriam] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy; [Pakalniskiene, Vilmante; Sargautyte, Ruta] Vilnius Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania; [Pazhoohi, Farid] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; [Ponciano, Edna] Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Coimba, Brazil; [Popa, Camelia] Romanian Acad, Inst Philosophy & Psychol C Radulescu Motru, Bucharest, Romania; [Prokop, Pavol] Comenius Univ, Bratislava, Slovakia; [Rizwan, Muhammad] Univ Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan; [Sainz, Mario; Simonetti, Franco] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile; [Sarmany-Schuller, Ivan] Inst Expt Psychol SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia; [Siddiqui, Razi Sultan] DHA Suffa Univ, Karachi, Pakistan; [Vauclair, Christin-Melanie] ISCTE Inst Univ Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; [Widarini, Dwi Ajeng] Univ Prof Dr Moestopo Beragama, Jakarta, Indonesia; [Yoo, Gyesook] Kyung Hee Univ, Kyung Hee, South Korea
gdc.description.issue 1
gdc.description.publicationcategory Makale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
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gdc.oaire.keywords kolektivizem
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gdc.oaire.keywords 03 Salud y bienestar
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gdc.oaire.keywords Article
gdc.oaire.keywords collectivism
gdc.oaire.keywords modernization ; collectivism ; gender equality ; love experiences
gdc.oaire.keywords Humans
gdc.oaire.keywords 504014 Gender Studies
gdc.oaire.keywords love experiences
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gdc.oaire.keywords Anthropology
gdc.oaire.keywords SDG 5 – Geschlechtergleichheit
gdc.oaire.keywords 03 Good Health and Well-being
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person.identifier.scopus-author-id Sorokowski- Piotr (23098130400), Kowal- Marta (57208683642), Sternberg- Robert J. (7102020106), Aavik- Toivo (6506269038), Akello- Grace A. (18435949600), Alhabahba- Mohammad Madallh (55314382900), Alm- Charlotte (23394495000), Amjad- Naumana (8662986400), Anjum- Afifa (57203880827), Asao- Kelly (55234361600)
project.funder.name Funding was provided by Narodowe Centrum Nauki (Grant No. 2014/13/B/HS6/02644). Uganda's study was supported by a grant: AH/S00402511.
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