Kadının sanatta yetersizlik mitinin Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel Das Jahr (The Year) eseri üzerinden incelenmesi
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Date
2016
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Kadın ve erkek toplumsal birer varlıktır. Toplum doğumlarından itibaren her iki cinse de bazı rol ve davranış kalıpları atfeder. Bu nedenle, kadın ve erkeğin olduğu her yerde toplumsal cinsiyete dair düzenlemelerinin yer aldığı görülmektedir. Sanatta yaratıcılık, daha çok erkeklerle ilişkilendirilen bir alandır. Temelde cinsiyetçi bir tanımlama olan 'kadın besteci' tanımının ortaya çıkışının ve kadınların bestecilik özelinde, erkeklere oranla daha az yer buluyor olmalarının sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik birçok nedeni mevcuttur. Bu nedenler arasında, kadınlara atfedilen 'sanatta yetersizlik' miti yer almaktadır. Erkek besteciler, 'erkek besteci' olarak isimlendirilmezken, kadın besteciler için 'kadın besteci' tabirinin kullanılıyor olması düşündürücüdür (Özkişi, 2009). Toplumsal cinsiyet kavramı, çoğu alanda olduğu gibi sanat alanında da kadını ikincil bir konuma sokmakta ve 'kadın sanatçı' kimliğinin oluşum sürecinde etkili olmaktadır. Cinsiyet ve fırsat eşitliği sağlanabildiği sürece, kadınların da literatüre katkı sağladıkları görülecektir. Bu fırsat eşitliğinin sağlanması içinse, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerinin neden ve sonuçlarının saptanarak, kadın merkezli çalışmaların artırılması önem taşımaktadır. Bu makale, kadınlara yüklenen sanatta yetersizlik mitini, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel'in 'Das Jahr (The Year)' eseri üzerinden bir okumasıyla, onun başarılarını, yaşamını ve bir besteci olma yolunda karşısına çıkan sosyal engelleri, erkek kardeşiyle ilişkisini, bir anne ve eş olarak sorumluluklarını, kendini soyutlama çabalarını ve yaratıcı yeteneği hakkında olan kararsızlıklarını ele almaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Kadın Sanat ve Yaratıcılık, Fanny Hensel, Das Jahr.
Men and women have a social presence. The society ascribes some roles and behavior patterns to both genders from the birth. Therefore, it is observed that gender related regulations take place everywhere where men and women exist. Creativity in art is a field, which is usually associated with men. The emergence of the term 'female-composer', which is a fundamentally sexist identification, and the fact that women, particularly within the field of composition, are less than men, are related to several social, cultural and economic reasons. Among these reasons, there is a myth of 'inadequacy in art', which is attributed to women. It is thought provoking that the term 'female composer' is specifically used while referring to female composers while male composers are not named as 'male composer' (Özkişi, 2009). As in many other fields, the concept of gender is again placing women in a secondary position in the field of art, and is influencing the process of the formation of the 'woman artist' identity. As long as gender and opportunity equality is achieved, it will be more common to see women contributing to the field ofliterature. It is therefore crucial to determine the causes and consequences of gender inequalities among the society and increase the level of woman-centered initiatives to ensure equality of opportunity. This thesis, about the myth of 'the inadequacy in art' attributed to women, is based on the reading through the composition cycle of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel's 'Das Jahr (The Year)', which is telling about her achievements, life and the social barriers she has met on the way to become a composer, her relationship with her brother, the responsibilities of being a mother and wife, her self-abstraction efforts and instability about her creative talent. Keywords: Social Gender, Female Art and Creativity, Fanny Hensel, Das Jahr.
Men and women have a social presence. The society ascribes some roles and behavior patterns to both genders from the birth. Therefore, it is observed that gender related regulations take place everywhere where men and women exist. Creativity in art is a field, which is usually associated with men. The emergence of the term 'female-composer', which is a fundamentally sexist identification, and the fact that women, particularly within the field of composition, are less than men, are related to several social, cultural and economic reasons. Among these reasons, there is a myth of 'inadequacy in art', which is attributed to women. It is thought provoking that the term 'female composer' is specifically used while referring to female composers while male composers are not named as 'male composer' (Özkişi, 2009). As in many other fields, the concept of gender is again placing women in a secondary position in the field of art, and is influencing the process of the formation of the 'woman artist' identity. As long as gender and opportunity equality is achieved, it will be more common to see women contributing to the field ofliterature. It is therefore crucial to determine the causes and consequences of gender inequalities among the society and increase the level of woman-centered initiatives to ensure equality of opportunity. This thesis, about the myth of 'the inadequacy in art' attributed to women, is based on the reading through the composition cycle of Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel's 'Das Jahr (The Year)', which is telling about her achievements, life and the social barriers she has met on the way to become a composer, her relationship with her brother, the responsibilities of being a mother and wife, her self-abstraction efforts and instability about her creative talent. Keywords: Social Gender, Female Art and Creativity, Fanny Hensel, Das Jahr.
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Hensel, Fanny Mendelssohn, Müzik, MUSIC, Gender Identity, Women Artists, Kadın Sanatçılar, Yaratıcılık, Creativity, Cinsel Kimlik
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77
