A Broadband Lens Loaded Vivaldi Antenna for Sub-6 GHz/mm Wave 5G Applications and Wideband Nondestructive Material Characterization

Abstract

This study presents a broadband and compact antipodal Vivaldi antenna design and production having an improved gain characteristic with the addition of a dielectric lens made of PLA. The proposed antenna has measured VSWR of less than 2.1 through the broadband frequency of 3.3-43.5 GHz and has more than 6.5 dBi measured gain above 8.5 GHz (up to 43.5 GHz). The antenna which can fit in a cube with just 4.8 cm edge has low-cost and easy manufacturing. It can meet the need of multiple antennas due to its broad frequency range (from S-band to Ka-band) which covers different applications such as wideband nondestructive material characterization and testing. Since the proposed antenna covers sub-6 GHz (3.3 GHz 5.8 GHz) and mmWave (26 38 41 GHz) 5G frequencies it can be also used in base stations with MIMO or array configuration. © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.