Understanding of smart cities digital cities and intelligent cities: Similarities and differences

Abstract

The modern world is fast in many ways and a place where technological innovations can be adapted immediately. This speed and technological progress can be seen as a kind of development. It has positive as well as negative aspects. Economic and social problems population growth consumption of resources high energy use environmental pollution and climate change are negative phenomena brought by the modern world. Cities can also be seen as units that work on different strategies and models due to fast living environmental social and economic problems. Especially developing urban technology the increase in the population rate in the cities and environmental problems have led to the development and discussion of many terms and concepts in the architecture and design literature in the urbanization process. The word and concept accumulation they possess is too much to ignore. The concepts of smart city digital city and intelligent city are the concepts put forward to solve the problems caused by the urban developing world. These three concepts are based on the use of urban technology and they are either confused with each other or their boundaries are not determined too much. In this study while determining the boundaries of these concepts which have a lot in common with each other similarities and differences between the concepts were revealed and suggestions were made regarding the definitions of the concepts. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.