A Green Dual-Channel Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design Model

Abstract

Environmental considerations have become a significant issue in the design of supply chain networks due to today's increasing globalization trends. Therefore supply chain network design needs to be managed in an efficient way to deal with the complex networks involved. The aim of this article is to present a multi-objective optimization model for a green dual-channel supply chain network that handles economic and environmental objectives to optimize network flow. A complex mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP) has been proposed in a green dual-channel and closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network design. The main objective of the generated MILP model is to investigate the optimal selection of echelons and the optimal selection of transportation alternatives between these echelons in a CLSC network that includes an e-commerce channel structure based on economic and environmental considerations. Environmental aims are achieved by decreasing CO<inf>2</inf> emissions and by reducing PM (particulate matter) concentration throughout the network. In addition economic aims are also met by minimizing the overall cost. The validity of the presented model is supported by a case study in the home appliances industry. The results indicate that this model provides valuable knowledge and various alternatives to managers and policymakers depending on the different weight combinations. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.