Burhan GulbaharGülbahar, Burhan2025-10-0620251536-12761558-224810.1109/TWC.2024.35231352-s2.0-105001061583http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2024.3523135https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/6339https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2024.3523135Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) with layer depth p is promising near-optimum performance and low complexity for NP-hard maximum-likelihood (ML) detection in nxn multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Experimental challenges for ML detection on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers arise from accumulated errors with large p and n. Recursive QAOA (RQAOA) is promising with small p by reducing complexity over n steps. In this article we modify RQAOA for p << n with cost sorting and post-selection in m << n steps and then integrate it with majority voting (MV) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) into the QAOA-MVSIC algorithm to tackle experimental challenges. We truncate QAOA circuits to further improve experimental feasibility. Simulations with n=24 and 12 for BPSK and QPSK modulations respectively show near-optimum bit-error rate (BER) with p=1 and m <= 4 . Truncated version requires O(mnp) quantum and O(mn2) classical operations with low complexity. We experimentally implement QAOA combined with MV (QAOA-MV) for n is an element of[1764] in IBM Eagle processor by observing superior performance of QAOA-MV over QAOA and reducing problem dimensions by at least n/4 . We generalize QAOA as cost-restricted uniform sampling (CRUS) oracle and approximately simulate for n <= 128 to obtain comparison benchmark for future QAOA experiments.Englishinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessLogic gates, Costs, Complexity theory, Maximum likelihood decoding, Circuits, Binary phase shift keying, Optimization, Interference cancellation, Integrated circuit modeling, Vectors, Recursive quantum approximate optimization, massive MIMO, ML decoding, majority voting, successive interference cancellation, error mitigationCOMPLEXITYComplexity TheoryCostsML DecodingMajority VotingMassive MIMOMaximum Likelihood DecodingSuccessive Interference CancellationError MitigationLogic GatesVectorsOptimizationRecursive Quantum Approximate OptimizationBinary Phase Shift KeyingInterference CancellationCircuitsIntegrated Circuit ModelingArticle