Mustafa Tevfik KartalMuhammad ShahbazDilvin TaşkınSerpil Kılıç DeprenFatih AyhanTaskin, DilvinKılıç Depren, SerpilShahbaz, MuhammadDepren, Serpil KilicAyhan, FatihKartal, Mustafa Tevfik2025-10-06202403014797, 109586300301-47971095-863010.1016/j.jenvman.2024.1216642-s2.0-85197111050https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85197111050&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jenvman.2024.121664&partnerID=40&md5=d7bb3c647caf8c7757cdf562d5193987https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/8174https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121664Public interest in climate change-related problems has been developing with the contribution of the recent energy crisis. Accordingly countries have been increasing their efforts to decarbonize economies. In this context energy transition and energy-related research and development (R&D) investments can be important strategic tools to be helpful to countries in the decarbonization of economies. Among all Nordic countries have come to the force because of their well-known position as green economies. Hence this study examines Nordic countries to investigate the impact of energy transition renewable energy R&D investments (RRD) energy efficiency R&D investments (EEF) on carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) emissions by performing wavelet local multiple correlation (WLMC) model and using data from 2000/1 to 2021/12. The outcomes reveal that (i) based on bi-variate cases energy transition and RRD have a mixed impact on CO<inf>2</inf> emissions in all countries across all frequencies, EEF has a declining impact on CO<inf>2</inf> emissions in Norway (Sweden) at low and medium (very high) frequencies, (ii) according to four-variate cases all variables have a combined increasing impact on CO<inf>2</inf> emissions, (iii) RRD is the most influential dominant factor in all countries excluding Norway where EEF is the pioneering one. Thus the reach proves the varying impacts of energy transition RRD and EEF investments on CO<inf>2</inf> emissions. In line with the outcomes of the novel WLMC model various policy endeavors such as focusing on displacement between sub-types of R&D investments are argued to ensure the decarbonization of the economies. © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Englishinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessCo2 Emissions, Energy Transition, Nordic Countries, R&d Investments, Wlmc, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, Climate Change, Economics, Energy Efficiency, Energy Policy, Investments, Co 2 Emission, Correlation Modeling, Decarbonisation, Development Investment, Energy Transitions, Multiple Correlation, Nordic Countries, Research And Development, Research Investment, Wavelet Local Multiple Correlation, Decarbonization, Carbon Emission, Economic Conditions, Economic Development, Green Economy, Spatiotemporal Analysis, Article, Carbon Dioxide Emission, Climate Change Mitigation, Conceptual Framework, Decarbonization, Environmental Policy, Knowledge Gap, Mathematical Model, Norway, Regression Analysis, Regression Model, Renewable Energy, Wavelet Local Multiple Correlation Model, Climate Change, Investment, Scandinavia, Theoretical Model, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, Climate Change, Models Theoretical, Renewable Energy, Scandinavian And Nordic CountriesCarbon dioxide, Climate change, Economics, Energy efficiency, Energy policy, Investments, CO 2 emission, Correlation modeling, Decarbonisation, Development investment, Energy transitions, Multiple correlation, Nordic countries, Research and development, Research investment, Wavelet local multiple correlation, Decarbonization, carbon emission, economic conditions, economic development, green economy, spatiotemporal analysis, Article, carbon dioxide emission, climate change mitigation, conceptual framework, decarbonization, environmental policy, knowledge gap, mathematical model, Norway, regression analysis, regression model, renewable energy, wavelet local multiple correlation model, climate change, investment, Scandinavia, theoretical model, carbon dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, Climate Change, Models Theoretical, Renewable Energy, Scandinavian and Nordic CountriesR&D InvestmentsEnergy TransitionWLMCCO2 EmissionsCO(2 )EmissionsNordic CountriesArticle