Demet Canpolat TosunEmin AçıkkalpOnder AltuntasA. HepbasliAna I. Palmero-MarreroDavid Borge-DiezAltuntas, OnderAçıkkalp, EminTosun, Demet CanpolatBorge-Diez, DavidHepbasli, ArifPalmero-Marrero, Ana I.Canpolat Tosun, Demet2025-10-0620230080319424, 0080328016, 0080340016, 0080311202, 0080305326, 0080316549, 008032780X, 978008032780803605442, 187367850360-54421873-678510.1016/j.energy.2023.1277692-s2.0-85159140654https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159140654&doi=10.1016%2Fj.energy.2023.127769&partnerID=40&md5=350985e071474fd95be36a9f96606eb9https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/8409https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127769This study investigates the performance of a Carnot Battery and performs a thermodynamic-based sustainability analysis using different methods. Carnot batteries have two different operational processes charge and discharge. Electricity generated from a renewable source is used to operate a heat pump and the heat rejected by the heat pump is stored in the battery which is then used to generate electricity in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) at night and called as the discharge process. Climatic data from the city of Izmir the third largest city by population in Turkey has been chosen for the dynamic analysis. Exergy-based sustainability and thermo-ecological cost analyses are performed. The results show that the maximum Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the heat pump system is 4.5 the exergy efficiency can reach 0.78 and its the maximum sustainability index is 4.5. For the discharge process energy efficiency of the ORC is 0.118 while the exergy efficiency is around 0.49 with a sustainability value of about 2.0. © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Englishinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessCarnot Batteries, Exergy, Sustainability, Thermo-ecological Cost, Cost Benefit Analysis, Energy Efficiency, Environmental Impact, Heat Pump Systems, Population Statistics, Power Generation, Pumps, Rankine Cycle, Sustainable Development, Thermal Cycling, Carnot Battery, Discharge Process, Dynamic Performance Assessment, Ecological Costs, Exergy Efficiencies, Heat Pumps, Organics, Performance, Sustainability Assessment, Thermo-ecological Cost, Exergy, Discharge, Electricity, Electricity Generation, Energy Efficiency, Exergy, Photovoltaic System, Sustainability, Izmir [turkey], TurkeyCost benefit analysis, Energy efficiency, Environmental impact, Heat pump systems, Population statistics, Power generation, Pumps, Rankine cycle, Sustainable development, Thermal cycling, Carnot battery, Discharge process, Dynamic performance assessment, Ecological costs, Exergy efficiencies, Heat pumps, Organics, Performance, Sustainability assessment, Thermo-ecological cost, Exergy, discharge, electricity, electricity generation, energy efficiency, exergy, photovoltaic system, sustainability, Izmir [Turkey], TurkeyThermo-Ecological CostCarnot BatteriesSustainabilityExergyArticle