Yeliz KocamanÖmer ÖztürkoǧluŞevkinaz GümüşoğluKocaman, YelizÖztürkoğlu, ÖmerGümüşoğlu, Şevkinaz2025-10-06202116139178, 1435246X1435-246X1613-917810.1007/s10100-019-00646-92-s2.0-85072052981https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072052981&doi=10.1007%2Fs10100-019-00646-9&partnerID=40&md5=2bf6353f4349f49a5b296062a1b01376https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/9008https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-019-00646-9This study focuses on investigating the best layouts of a unit-load warehouse for single-command operation. We propose a model for unit-load warehouses having a single cross aisle and multiple pickup & deposit (P&D) points located at the front side of the warehouse. The model is constructed in continuous space for single-command travel and allows the cross aisle and picking aisles to take any angle between 0 and π. We then search for the best aisle arrangements that minimize the expected single-command distance from a given varying number of P&D points under randomized storage policy. Additionally we introduce three material flow policies to investigate the effect of usage density of P&D points on the design. We also investigate the effects of shape ratio on angles of aisles in the best designs. Last we also solved a problem instance with unsymmetrically allocated P&D points to show how to use our proposed models. Therefore we present that warehouses with width to depth ratio 3:1 are good for high number of P&D points. We also show that the best designs provide more savings in travel over the equivalent traditional design if flows are more concentrated around the central P&D point. The best-found designs also present that the single-command distance can be reduced to 8–20% based on the characteristics of the unit-load warehouse. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Englishinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAisle Design, Flow Policy, Pick-up And Deposit Point, Single-commandSingle-commandAisle DesignFlow PolicyPick-up and Deposit PointArticle