Mehmet UmutluSeher Gören YargıYargı, Seher GörenYarg, Seher GorenUmutlu, Mehmet2025-10-062022154461231544-61231544-613110.1016/j.frl.2021.1021102-s2.0-85106257311https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106257311&doi=10.1016%2Fj.frl.2021.102110&partnerID=40&md5=ae2adf4deaf4c154fe2b1f3850fad2bahttps://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/8875https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102110Using alternative measures of return correlations we show that neither industry nor country correlations exhibit an ever-increasing trend. Instead correlations jump during recessions with a tendency to revert in stable periods. This keeps international diversification still important despite the financial integration that might have increased correlations permanently. Moreover the mean of industry correlations is statistically lower than that of country correlations suggesting that cross-industry diversification is more efficient. Finally diversifying through industries of emerging markets rather than those of developed markets reduces mean correlations more. These results are robust to several correlation definitions. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Englishinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessIndex Correlations, International Portfolio Diversification, International Portfolio ManagementInternational Portfolio DiversificationIndex CorrelationsInternational Portfolio ManagementArticle