Nezir Yağız ÇamMehmet Akif EzanYusuf BicerEzan, Mehmet AkifÇam, Nezir YağızBiçer, Yusuf2025-10-062024266620272666-202710.1016/j.ijft.2024.1005922-s2.0-85185172190https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185172190&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ijft.2024.100592&partnerID=40&md5=01a5b3aebe6b578dfa8ad98272b15af2https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/8212https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100592Greenhouses are the most common agricultural structures for controlled environment agriculture and it is not easy to control the indoor climate due to the complexity of the heat and mass transfer mechanisms. Therefore numerical models help to simulate the greenhouse indoor environment under various design alternatives obtain the heating and cooling rates and determine the appropriate control strategy. In this study a novel transient thermal model of a greenhouse is developed in MATLAB and implemented in TRNSYS software to simulate the thermal management procedure for the tomato growth process. A PV-aided HVAC system with a heat pump is integrated into the greenhouse to meet the heating/cooling load and maintain the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor ambient within the desired ranges. It is assumed that the greenhouse has three tomato growth seasons annually. The temperature and relative humidity of the indoor air and the heating and cooling rates of the HVAC system are determined and the temperature and relative humidity variations are compared against a greenhouse without an HVAC unit. The simulations are conducted with TRNSYS for four climatically different cities: Izmir Valencia Casablanca and Tunis. The results reveal that the electricity consumption of the heat pump-assisted HVAC system is highest in Izmir with 742230 kWh/year. Besides the highest photovoltaic electricity production is determined in Tunis with 417960 kWh/year. The highest reduction in carbon emissions is determined in Casablanca with 112541.4 kg CO<inf>2</inf> eq./year. © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Englishinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessGreenhouse, Matlab, Thermal Management, Thermal Modeling, Tomato Production, Trnsys, Climate Control, Cooling, Fruits, Heat Pump Systems, Mass Transfer, Matlab, Pumps, Casablanca, Growth Process, Heat Pumps, Heating And Cooling Rates, Hvac System, Temperature And Relative Humidity, Thermal Model, Tomato Production, Transient Model, Trnsys, Temperature ControlClimate control, Cooling, Fruits, Heat pump systems, Mass transfer, MATLAB, Pumps, Casablanca, Growth process, Heat pumps, Heating and cooling rates, HVAC system, Temperature and relative humidity, Thermal model, Tomato production, Transient model, TRNSYS, Temperature controlMatlabTRNSYSGreenhouseTomato ProductionThermal ManagementThermal ModelingArticle