Huseyin Gunhan OzcanA. HepbasliAysegul AbusogluAmjad Anvari-MoghaddamOzcan, Huseyin GunhanAnvari-Moghaddam, AmjadAbusoglu, AysegulHepbasli, Arif2025-10-062023221313882213-13882213-139610.1016/j.seta.2023.1030772-s2.0-85148004935https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148004935&doi=10.1016%2Fj.seta.2023.103077&partnerID=40&md5=f05d086029aef806406e00e8512783e0https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/8476https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103077In recent years worldwide interest in utilizing the heat energy from wastewater (WW) has increased significantly concurrently with establishing policies and strategies for the sustainable management of WW. This study evaluated the 4ES performance of a photovoltaic-thermal powered WW source heat pump system for district heating applications with a series of Engineering Equation Solver (EES) simulations based on 20 different cases using actual data. The results indicated that the WW might have an energy rate potential of up to 25470 kW and an exergy rate potential of up to 2263 kW in January in a Koppen-Geiger-classified Dfb (warm-summer humid continental) climate. The highest and lowest exergy efficiency values ranged from 2.85 % to 98.24 % and from 74.80 % to 94.54 % respectively for the employed components and the entire system. The environmental and sustainability studies utilized these simulated results to derive environmental effect factor (EEF) and exergy based-sustainability index (ExSI) values in the ranges of 0.58x10-5 to 4.95x10-5 and 3.97 to 18.32 respectively. In addition the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) was modeled to be between 0.0801 ¢/kWh and 0.1341 ¢/kWh. In terms of sustainability the proposed system demonstrated superior performance than the most common heating solution on the market (i.e. natural gas-fired heating system). © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Englishinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessEnvironmental Performance, Exergy, Levelized Cost Of Energy, Numerical Study, Sustainability Index, Cost Benefit Analysis, District Heating, Environmental Management, Heat Pump Systems, Sustainable Development, Cost Of Energies, Environmental Performance, Heat-pump Systems, Heating Applications, Levelized Cost Of Energy, Levelized Costs, Numerical Study, Performance, Sustainability Index, Wastewater Sources, Exergy, Energy Use, Environmental Economics, Exergy, Heating, Numerical Model, Photovoltaic System, Pump, Sustainability, Thermal Power, WastewaterCost benefit analysis, District heating, Environmental management, Heat pump systems, Sustainable development, Cost of energies, Environmental performance, Heat-pump systems, Heating applications, Levelized cost of energy, Levelized costs, Numerical study, Performance, Sustainability index, Wastewater sources, Exergy, energy use, environmental economics, exergy, heating, numerical model, photovoltaic system, pump, sustainability, thermal power, wastewaterNumerical StudyEnvironmental PerformanceSustainability IndexExergyLevelized Cost of EnergyArticle