Festus Fatai AdedoyinNaila ErumDilvin TaşkınDaouia Chebab2025-10-062023235248472352-484710.1016/j.egyr.2023.03.120https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85151506286&doi=10.1016%2Fj.egyr.2023.03.120&partnerID=40&md5=ba07ced4af7590ccf70f59c82e01b4a4https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/8382In this paper we examine for the first time in the literature the implications of energy policy alternatives for Germany considering the aftermath of coronavirus as well as Electricity and Gas energy supply shortages. Whilst several policy options are open to the government the choice of investment in renewable energy generation versus disinvestment in non-renewable energy such as coal energy generation provides divergent impacts in the long term. We utilize data from British Petroleum and the World Bank Development Indicator database for Germany covering 1981 to 2020 to explore a Carbon function by applying a battery of Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) dynamic ARDL and Kernel-Based Regularized Least squares approaches. The particular policy tested is the pledge by Germany to decrease emissions by ∼100% in 2050 and this was integrated through the estimation of dynamic ARDL estimation. The simulation result shows that a ＋61% shock in renewable energy production decreases carbon emissions unlike coal energy production which increases carbon emissions in the beginning but the carbon emissions decrease thereafter. The findings highlight the inevitability of cutting down on coal production and recommends energy investment alternatives. Hence Germany's energy policy should contemplate more thoroughly on these factors. © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.EnglishAir Transportation, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Coal Consumption, Dynamic Ardl, Renewable Energy Production, Simulation, Air Transportation, Carbon Dioxide, Coal, Global Warming, Investments, Renewable Energy Resources, Autoregressive Distributed Lag Models, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Carbon Emissions, Coal Consumption, Dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model, Energy Productions, Non-renewable Energy, Renewable Energies, Renewable Energy Production, Simulation, Energy PolicyAir transportation, Carbon dioxide, Coal, Global warming, Investments, Renewable energy resources, Autoregressive distributed lag models, Carbon dioxide emissions, Carbon emissions, Coal consumption, Dynamic autoregressive distributed lag model, Energy productions, Non-renewable energy, Renewable energies, Renewable energy production, Simulation, Energy policyArticle