Richard A. KleinMichelangelo VianelloFred HasselmanByron G. AdamsReginald B. AdamsJr.Sinan AlperMark AveyardJordan R. AxtMayowa T. BabalolaStepan BahnikRishtee BatraMihaly BerkicsMichael J. BernsteinDaniel R. BerryOlga BialobrzeskaEvans Dami BinanKonrad BocianMark J. BrandtRobert BuschingAnna Cabak RedeiHuajian CaiFanny CambierKatarzyna CantareroCheryl L. CarmichaelFrancisco CericJesse ChandlerJen-Ho ChangArmand ChatardEva E. ChenWinnee CheongDavid C. CiceroSharon CoenJennifer A. ColemanBrian CollissonMorgan A. ConwayKatherine S. CorkerPaul G. CurranFiery CushmanZubairu K. DagonaIlker DalgarAnna Dalla RosaWilliam E. DavisMaaike de BruijnLeander De SchutterThierry DevosMarieke de VriesCanay DoguluNerisa DozoKristin Nicole DukesYarrow DunhamKevin DurrheimCharles R. EbersoleJohn E. EdlundAnja EllerAlexander Scott EnglishCarolyn FinckNatalia FrankowskaMiguel-Angel FreyreMike FriedmanElisa Maria GallianiJoshua C. GandiTanuka GhoshalSteffen R. GiessnerTripat GillTimo GnambsAngel GomezRoberto GonzalezJesse GrahamJon E. GraheIvan GrahekEva G. T. GreenKakul HaiMatthew HaighElizabeth L. HainesMichael P. HallMarie E. HeffernanJoshua A. HicksPetr HoudekJeffrey R. HuntsingerPhi Huynh HoHans IJzermanYoel InbarAse H. Innes-KerWilliam Jimenez-LealMelissa-Sue JohnJennifer A. Joy-GabaRoza G. KamilogluHeather Barry KappesSerdar KarabatiHaruna KarickVictor N. KellerAnna KendeNicolas KervynGoran KnezevicCarrie KovacsLacy E. KruegerGerman KurapovJamie KurtzDaniel LakensLjiljana B. LazarevicCarmel A. LevitanNeil A. LewisJr.Samuel LinsNikolette P. LipseyJoy E. LoseeEsther MaassenAngela T. MaitnerWinfrida MalingumuRobyn K. MallettSatia A. MarottaJanko MededovicFernando Mena-PachecoTaciano L. MilfontWendy L. MorrisSean C. MurphyAndriy MyachykovNick NeaveKoen NeijenhuijsAnthony J. NelsonFelix NetoAustin Lee NicholsAaron OcampoSusan L. O'DonnellHaruka OikawaMasanori OikawaElsie OngGabor OroszMalgorzata OsowieckaGrant PackardRolando Perez-SanchezRonaldo PilatiBrad PinterLysandra PodestaGabrielle PoggeMonique M. H. PollmannAbraham M. RutchickPatricio SaavedraAlexander K. SaeriErika SalomonKathleen SchmidtFelix D. SchonbrodtMaciej B. SekerdejDavid SirlopuJeanine L. M. SkorinkoMichael A. SmithVanessa Smith-CastroKarin C. H. J. SmoldersAgata SobkowWalter SowdenPhilipp SpachtholzManini SrivastavaTroy G. SteinerJeroen StoutenChris N. H. StreetOskar K. SundfeltStephanie SzetoEwa SzumowskaAndrew C. W. TangNorbert TanzerMorgan J. TearJordan TheriaultManuela ThomaeDavid TorresJakub TraczykJoshua M. TyburAdrienn UjhelyiRobbie C. M. van AertMarcel A. L. M. van AssenMarije van der HulstPaul A. M. van LangeAnna Elisabeth van 't VeerAlejandro Vasquez-EcheverriaLeigh Ann VaughnAlexandra VazquezLuis Diego VegaCatherine VerniersMark VerschoorIngrid P. J. VoermansMarek A. VrankaCheryl WelchAaron L. WichmanLisa A. WilliamsMichael WoodJulie A. WoodzickaMarta K. WronskaLiane YoungJohn M. ZelenskiZhijia ZengBrian A. Nosek2025-10-0620182515-24592515-246710.1177/2515245918810225http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515245918810225https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/7951We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05) we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001) 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen's ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%) and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes, only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20 an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10 an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western educated industrialized rich and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e. cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores respectively). Cumulatively variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.Englishsocial psychology, cognitive psychology, replication, culture, individual differences, sampling effects, situational effects, meta-analysis, Registered Report, open data, open materials, preregisteredSOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS, DIRECT REPLICATION, INTENTIONAL ACTION, MORAL JUDGMENTS, DATA-COLLECTION, SOCIAL-STATUS, PSYCHOLOGY, SELF, SENSITIVITY, DISGUSTArticle