Korhan KarabulutM. Fatih TasgetirenTasgetiren, M. FatihKarabulut, KorhanFatih Tasgetiren, M.2025-10-0620140020-02551872-629110.1016/j.ins.2014.03.1272-s2.0-84901847300http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2014.03.127https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/6091https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2014.03.127This paper presents a variable iterated greedy algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem with time windows (TSPTW) to identify a tour minimizing the total travel cost or the makespan separately. The TSPTW has several practical applications in both production scheduling and logistic operations. The proposed algorithm basically relies on a greedy algorithm generating an increasing number of neighboring solutions through the use of the idea of neighborhood change in variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithms. In other words neighboring solutions are generated by destructing a solution component and re-constructing the solution again with variable destruction sizes. In addition the proposed algorithm is hybridized with a VNS algorithm employing backward and forward 1_Opt local searches to further enhance the solution quality. The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested on several benchmark suites from the literature. Experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithm is either competitive to or even better than the best performing algorithms from the literature. Ultimately new best-known solutions are obtained for 38 out of 125 problem instances of the recently proposed benchmark suite whereas 15 out of 31 problem instances are also further improved for the makespan criterion. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Englishinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessTraveling salesman problem with time windows, Iterated greedy algorithm, Variable neighborhood search, Heuristic optimizationDIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGORITHM, FLOW-SHOPS, MACHINE, MINIMIZATION, INSERTION, MAKESPAN, SEARCHVariable Neighborhood SearchIterated Greedy AlgorithmTraveling Salesman Problem with Time WindowsHeuristic OptimizationArticle