Zafar SaidM. A. SabihaRahman SaidurA. HepbasliNasrudin Abd RahimSaad MekhilefThomas Arthur WardSaid, Z.Sabiha, M.A.Hepbasli, A.Rahim, N.A.Mekhilef, S.Ward, T.A.Saidur, R.2025-10-062015095965260959-65261879-178610.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.0072-s2.0-84924516811https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924516811&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jclepro.2015.01.007&partnerID=40&md5=add88c0f3fd9c857902ccd569a43a69fhttps://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/9919https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.007The use of TiO<inf>2</inf>-water nanofluid as a working fluid for enhancing the performance of a flat plate solar collector has been studied. The volume fraction of the nanoparticles was 0.1% and 0.3% respectively while the mass flow rates of the nanofluid varied from 0.5 to 1.5 kg/min respectively. Thermo-physical properties and reduced sedimentation for TiO<inf>2</inf>-nanofluid was obtained using PEG 400 dispersant. The results reveal the impact and importance of each of these parameters. Energy efficiency increased by 76.6% for 0.1% volume fraction and 0.5 kg/min flow rate whereas the highest exergy efficiency achieved was 16.9% for 0.1% volume fraction and 0.5 kg/min flow rate. Results showed that the pressure drop and pumping power of TiO<inf>2</inf> nanofluid was very close to the base fluid for the studied volume fractions. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Englishinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessEnergy, Exergy, Nanofluid, Pressure Drop, Thermal Conductivity, Tio2, Drops, Energy Efficiency, Exergy, Oxide Minerals, Pressure Drop, Solar Collectors, Thermal Conductivity, Titanium Dioxide, Volume Fraction, Energy, Exergy Efficiencies, Flat-plate Solar Collectors, Mass Flow Rate, Nanofluids, Performance Enhancements, Thermo-physical Property, Tio2, NanofluidicsDrops, Energy efficiency, Exergy, Oxide minerals, Pressure drop, Solar collectors, Thermal conductivity, Titanium dioxide, Volume fraction, Energy, Exergy efficiencies, Flat-plate solar collectors, Mass flow rate, Nanofluids, Performance enhancements, Thermo-physical property, TiO2, NanofluidicsExergyTio₂NanofluidPressure DropThermal ConductivityTio2EnergyArticle