Maja BeckerVivian L. VignolesEllinor OweMatthew J. EasterbrookRupert BrownPeter B. SmithMichael Harris BondCamillo RegaliaClaudia ManziMaria BrambillaSaid AldhafriRoberto GonzalezDiego CarrascoMaria Paz CadenaSiugmin LayInge Schweiger GalloAna TorresLeoncio CaminoEmre OzgenUlku E. GunerNil YamakogluFlavia Cristina Silveira LemosElvia Vargas TrujilloPaola BalantaMa Elizabeth J. MacapagalM. Cristina FerreiraGinette HermanIsabelle de SauvageDavid BourguignonQian WangMarta FueloepCharles HarbAneta ChybickaKassahun Habtamu MekonnenMariana MartinGeorge NizharadzeAlin GavreliucJohanna BuitendachAune ValkSilvia H. Koller2025-10-0620140146-16721552-743310.1177/0146167214522836http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167214522836https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/7935Several theories propose that self-esteem or positive self-regard results from fulfilling the value priorities of one's surrounding culture. Yet surprisingly little evidence exists for this assertion and theories differ about whether individuals must personally endorse the value priorities involved. We compared the influence of four bases for self-evaluation (controlling one's life doing one's duty benefitting others achieving social status) among 4852 adolescents across 20 cultural samples using an implicit within-person measurement technique to avoid cultural response biases. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses showed that participants generally derived feelings of self-esteem from all four bases but especially from those that were most consistent with the value priorities of others in their cultural context. Multilevel analyses confirmed that the bases of positive self-regard are sustained collectively: They are predictably moderated by culturally normative values but show little systematic variation with personally endorsed values.Englishculture, self-evaluation, identity, self-esteem, valuesJAMESIAN PERSPECTIVE, UNITED-STATES, ESTEEM, ENHANCEMENT, VALUES, JAPAN, INVESTMENT, IDENTITY, FAILURE, MODELArticle