Browsing by Author "Bayrak, Fatih"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
A tale of two hashtags: An examination of moral content of pro- and anti-government tweets in Turkey
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Fatih Bayrak; Sinan Alper; Alper, Sinan; Bayrak, Fatih
During the campaign period of the 2018 Presidential Election in Turkey there was a burst in the number of tweets posted by both pro- and anti-government Twitter users. Both sides started their own hashtags and reached a total of 2 million tweets in only one day. We analyzed the content of 186554 tweets from two opposing ideological camps to test the predictions of Moral Foundations Theory which suggests that liberals and conservatives endorse different moral foundations. We scored each side's level of emphasis on different moral foundations using the Turkish Moral Foundations Dictionary and compared the two groups. Results revealed that the supporters of the conservative government in Turkey were more likely to endorse care loyalty and authority foundations of morality as compared to those who oppose the conservative government. In addition the general moral emphasis was higher in the tweets of the pro-government group. Being one of the first studies investigating the moral content of political tweets in a non-WEIRD context the current study yields important findings regarding the external validity of the Moral Foundations Theory's predictions in different cultures. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 17
Citation - Scopus: 20
All the Dark Triad and some of the Big Five traits are visible in the face
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Sinan Alper; Fatih Bayrak; Onurcan Yilmaz; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih
Some of the recent studies suggested that people can make accurate inferences about the level of the Big Five and the Dark Triad personality traits in strangers by only looking at their faces. However later findings provided only partial support and the evidence is mixed regarding which traits can be accurately inferred from faces. In the current research to provide further evidence on whether the Big Five and the Dark Triad traits are visible in the face we report three studies two of which were preregistered conducted on both WEIRD (the US American) and non-WEIRD (Turkish) samples (N = 880). The participants in both the US American and Turkish samples were successful in predicting all Dark Triad personality traits by looking at a stranger's face. However there were mixed results regarding the Big Five traits. An aggregate analysis of the combined dataset demonstrated that extraversion (only female) agreeableness and conscientiousness were accurately inferred by the participants in addition to the Dark Triad traits. Overall the results suggest that inferring personality from faces without any concrete source of information might be an evolutionarily adaptive trait. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Çözüm Önerisinin İtici Görülüp Görülmemesi Kürt Sorununu Kabul Etmeyi Etkiliyor mu?
(2021) Fatih Bayrak; Sinan Alper; Onurcan Yılmaz; Alper, Sinan; Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih
Sonuçları tüm insanları ve çevreyi etkilemesine rağmen bilimsel olarak gerçekliği tespit edilmiş küresel ısınma gibi sorunların varlığı insanların bir kısmı tarafından reddedilmektedir. Bu konudaki alanyazına göre bilimsel sorunların varlığını reddetme ideolojik değerlendirmelerin etkisiyle şekillenebilmektedir. Cambpell ve Kay (2014) tarafından gerçekleştirilen yeni bir araştırmaya göre ise bir sorunun çözümüne yönelik öne sürülen çözüm önerilerinin bireyler tarafından itici olarak görülmesi o sorunun varlığını reddetmelerinin gerekçesi olabilir. Bu çalışmada küresel ısınma gibi bilimsel gerçeklerin reddedilmesi çerçevesinde yapılan çalışmalarda ortaya çıkan çözüm hoşnutsuzluğu (solution aversion) hipotezi tanımı ve nasıl çözüleceği Türkiye’de hâlen tartışmalı bir konu olan Kürt sorunu bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Katılımcılara Kürt sorununa yönelik iki farklı çözüm önerisi sunulmuş ardından Kürt sorununun varlığını kabul etme düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Analiz sonuçlarına göre itici olarak görülen çözüm önerisine maruz kalmak Kürt sorununun varlığını reddetmeyi etkilememiştir. Ayrıca daha solcu bireylerin Kürt sorununun varlığını daha fazla kabul ettikleri ancak milliyetçilik ve dindarlık düzeylerinin sorunu kabul etme ile ilişkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar Kürt sorununun dinamikleri ve ilgili alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmış gelecekte yapılacak bilimsel çalışmalar ve politikalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 14
Do changes in threat salience predict the moral content of sermons? The case of Friday Khutbas in Turkey
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd vgorayska@wiley.com Southern Gate Chichester West Sussex PO19 8SQ, 2020) Sinan Alper; Fatih Bayrak; Elif Öykü Us; Onurcan Yilmaz; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih; Us, Elif Oyku
We analyzed the content of “Friday Khutbas” delivered in Turkish mosques between January 2001 and December 2018 to test the prediction of moral foundations theory (MFT) literature that threat salience would lead to an increased endorsement of binding moral foundations. As societal-level indicators of threat we examined (a) historical data on the proportion of terrorism-related news published in a Turkish newspaper (b) the geopolitical risk score of Turkey as measured by Geopolitical Risk Index and (c) Google Trends data on the search frequency of words “terror” “terrorism” or “terrorist”. To measure the endorsement of moral foundations we built a Turkish Moral Foundations Dictionary and counted the relative frequency of morality-related words in the khutbas delivered in Istanbul Turkey. Time series analyses showed that risk salience in a certain month was positively related to endorsement of the loyalty/betrayal foundation in that month’s Friday Khutbas. There were mixed results for the other moral foundations. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 2
Effective health communication depends on the interaction of message source and content: two experiments on adherence to COVID-19 measures in Türkiye
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2024) Fatih Bayrak; Bengi Aktar; Berke Aydas; Onurcan Yilmaz; Sinan Alper; Ozan Isler; Aydas, Berke; Isler, Ozan; Aktar, Bengi; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Alper, Sinan; Bayrak, Fatih
ObjectiveFollowing the COVID-19 outbreak authorities recommended preventive measures to reduce infection rates. However adherence to calls varied between individuals and across cultures. To determine the characteristics of effective health communication we investigated three key features: message source content and audience.MethodsUsing a pre-test and two experiments we tested how message content (emphasizing personal or social benefit) audience (individual differences) message source (scientists or state officials) and their interaction influence adherence to preventive measures. Using fliers advocating preventive measures Experiment 1 investigated the effects of message content and examined the moderator role of individual differences. Experiment 2 presented the messages using news articles and manipulated sources.ResultsStudy 1 found decreasing adherence over time with no significant impact from message content or individual differences. Study 2 found messages emphasizing 'protect yourself' and 'protect your country' to increase intentions for adherence to preventive measures. It also revealed an interaction between message source and content whereby messages emphasizing personal benefit were more effective when they came from healthcare professionals than from state officials. However message source and content did not affect vaccination intentions or donations for vaccine research.ConclusionEffective health communication requires simultaneous consideration of message source and content.
Citation - WoS: 96
Citation - Scopus: 104
Energetic and exergetic aspects of solar air heating (solar collector) systems
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2013) Hakan F. Oztop; Fatih Bayrak; Arif Hepbasli; Hepbasli, Arif; Oztop, Hakan F.; Bayrak, Fatih
Solar air heating (solar collector) is a renewable heating technology and provides heat using solar energy. With fuel costs and other factors solar air heaters (SAL-Is) are getting more attention. The energetic and exergetic performance of SAHs is influenced by a number of factors. The present study reviews the previously conducted studies and applications in terms of design performance assessment heat transfer enhancement techniques experimental and numerical works thermal heat storage effectiveness compassion and recent advances. It may be concluded that energy analysis method has been used in a number of studies while exergy analysis method has been applied to the relatively low numbers of systems. Energy efficiencies of solar air collectors reviewed varied from 47% and 89%. It is expected that this comprehensive study will be very beneficial to everyone involved or interested in the energetic and exergetic design simulation analysis test and performance assessment of SAHs. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 144
Citation - Scopus: 162
Energy and exergy analyses of porous baffles inserted solar air heaters for building applications
(Elsevier Science SA, 2013) Fatih Bayrak; Hakan Fehmi Oztop; A. Hepbasli; Hepbasli, Arif; Oztop, Hakan F.; Bayrak, Fatih
This study deals with performance assessment of porous baffles inserted solar air heaters (SAHs) using energy and exergy analysis methods. The porous baffles (PBs) with different thicknesses are used as passive element inside heaters. Closed-cell aluminum foams are chosen as porous materials with thicknesses of 6 mm and 10 mm and a total surface area of 50 cm2. They are placed sequentially and staggered manner onto the SAH. The measured parameters are the inlet and outlet temperatures the absorbing plate temperatures the ambient temperature and the solar radiation. These measurements are performed at two various air mass flow rates of 0.016 kg/s and 0.025 kg/s. Using the first and second laws of thermodynamics energy and exergy efficiencies of the SAHs are calculated and presented for different parameters. In the experiments five types of solar air heaters are tested and compared with each other in terms of their efficiencies. The obtained results showed that the highest collector efficiency and air temperature rise are achieved by SAHs with a thickness of 6 mm and an air mass flow rate of 0.025 kg/s whereas the lowest values are obtained for the SAH with non-baffle collectors and an air mass flow rate of 0.016 kg/s. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Fictitious conspiracy- paranormal- and pseudoscience beliefs are closely related to their regular counterparts
(SPRINGER, 2025) Sinan Alper; Tugcenaz Elcil; Nazif Karaca; Fatih Bayrak; Onurcan Yilmaz; Elcil, Tugcenaz; Karaca, Nazif; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih
Belief in various types of Epistemically Suspect Beliefs (ESBs) such as conspiracy theories paranormal phenomena and pseudoscientific claims tends to strongly correlate. However the use of ESB scales in the literature which often include phenomena frequently encountered in daily life with familiar content challenges the clarity of inferences about this relationship. To address this issue we developed a scale for Fictitious Epistemically Suspect Beliefs (FESBs) composed entirely of novel and fabricated statements related to conspiracy paranormal activity and pseudoscience. In Study 1 with a Turkish sample of 448 participants we found that FESBs positively correlated with ESBs despite consisting of less familiar claims. Moreover both FESBs and ESBs showed similar associations with individual differences in worldview and cognition. These findings were replicated in a larger Turkish sample (N = 786) in Study 2 and a UK sample (N = 746) in Study 3. The results indicate that individuals with higher ESBs are more likely to endorse FESBs despite having never encountered these claims before.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 4
Inferring political and religious attitudes from composite faces perceived to be related to the dark triad personality traits
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Sinan Alper; Fatih Bayrak; Onurcan Yilmaz; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih
We used composite face images perceived to have different levels of Dark Triad personality traits (narcissism psychopathy and Machiavellianism) and asked participants to predict these target individuals' religious and political identities. In Study 1 (N = 550) Turkish participants rated faces with higher levels of perceived Dark Triad traits as less likely to be religious to believe in God and more likely to be left-winger and to vote for a left-leaning party in all categories except for male narcissism. In a pre-registered follow-up study (N = 1001) we recruited a nationally representative US sample and replicated the same results with minor differences regarding male and female narcissism and voting preferences. Participants' own political and ideological identities and their stereotypical evaluation of the target groups were mostly ineffective in explaining their predictions. The results suggest that people can perceive faces with higher levels of Dark Triad traits as less religious and less conservative. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Multidimensional intuitive–analytic thinking style and its relation to moral concerns epistemically suspect beliefs and ideology
(Society for Judgment and Decision making, 2023) Fatih Bayrak; Burak Doǧruyol; Sinan Alper; Onurcan Yilmaz; Dogruyol, Burak; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih
Literature highlights the distinction between intuitive and analytic thinking as a prominent cognitive style distinction leading to the proposal of various theories within the framework of the dual process model. However it remains unclear whether individuals differ in their thinking styles along a single dimension from intuitive to analytic or if other dimensions are at play. Moreover the presence of numerous thinking style measures employing different terminology but conceptually overlapping leads to confusion. To address these complexities Newton et al. suggested the idea that individuals vary across multiple dimensions of intuitive–analytic thinking styles and distinguished thinking styles between 4 distinct types: Actively open-minded thinking close-minded thinking preference for effortful thinking and preference for intuitive thinking. They proposed a new measure for this 4-factor disposition The 4-Component Thinking Styles Questionnaire (4-CTSQ) to comprehensively capture the psychological outcomes related to thinking styles, however no independent test exists. In the current pre-registered studies we test the validity of 4-CTSQ for the first time beyond the original study and examine the association of the proposed measure with various factors including morality conspiracy beliefs paranormal and religious beliefs vaccine hesitancy and ideology in an underrepresented culture Türkiye. We found that the correlated 4-factor model of 4-CTSQ is an appropriate measure to capture individual differences based on cognitive style. The results endorse the notion that cognitive style differences are characterized by distinct structures rather than being confined to two ends of a single continuum. © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 148
Citation - Scopus: 146
Psychological correlates of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures: Evidence from Turkey
(SPRINGER, 2021) Sinan Alper; Fatih Bayrak; Onurcan Yilmaz; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih
COVID-19 pandemic has led to popular conspiracy theories regarding its origins and widespread concern over the level of compliance with preventive measures. In the current preregistered research we recruited 1088 Turkish participants and investigated (a) individual differences associated with COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, (2) whether such conspiracy beliefs are related to the level of preventive measures, and (3) other individual differences that might be related to the preventive measures. Higher faith in intuition uncertainty avoidance impulsivity generic conspiracy beliefs religiosity and right-wing ideology and a lower level of cognitive reflection were associated with a higher level of belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories. There was no association between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures while perceived risk was positively and impulsivity negatively correlated with preventive measures. We discuss the implications and directions for future research.
Citation - Scopus: 3
Reflection predicts and leads to decreased conspiracy belief
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Fatih Bayrak; Vahdet Sümer; Burak Doǧruyol; Selahattin Adil Saribay; Sinan Alper; Ozan Isler; Onurcan Yilmaz; Sümer, Vahdet; Saribay, S. Adil; Isler, Ozan; Dogruyol, Burak; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih
Recent research indicates a generally negative relationship between reflection and conspiracy beliefs. However most of the existing research relies on correlational data on WEIRD (Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic) populations. The few existing experimental studies are limited by weak manipulation techniques that fail to reliably activate cognitive reflection. Hence questions remain regarding (1) the consistency of the negative relationship between conspiracy beliefs and cognitive reflection (2) the extent of cross-cultural variation and potential moderating factors and (3) the presence of a causal link between cognitive reflection and conspiracy beliefs. In two preregistered studies we investigated the association between cognitive reflection and conspiracy beliefs. First we studied the correlation between two variables across 48 cultures and investigated whether factors such as WEIRDness and narcissism (personal and collective) moderate this relationship. In the second study we tested the causal effect of reflection using a reliable and effective manipulation technique—debiasing training—on both generic and specific conspiracy beliefs. The first study confirmed the negative association between reflection and belief in conspiracy theories across cultures with the association being notably stronger in non-WEIRD societies. Both personal and collective narcissism played significant moderating roles. The second study demonstrated that debiasing training significantly decreases both generic and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs in a non-WEIRD context with more pronounced effects for general conspiracy beliefs. Our research supports that reflection is a consistent cross-cultural predictor of conspiracy beliefs and that activating reflection can reduce such beliefs through rigorous experimental interventions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Wittgenstein’ın Psikoloji Bilimine Dair Görüşlerine Eleştirel Bir Bakış
(2019) Sinan ALPER; Onurcan Yılmaz; Fatih Bayrak; Alper, Sinan; Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih
Wittgenstein 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus adlı yapıtında felsefeninöldüğünü ve felsefede bugüne kadar sorulmuş tüm soruların çözümünü bulduğunu iddia etmiştir.Daha sonraları dünyayı dolaşmış ve özellikle zamanını Kierkegaard ve Nietzsche okuyarakgeçirdikten sonra erken dönemlerinde savunduğu düşüncelerini değiştirmiş ve hem dilfelsefesinde hem de bilim felsefesinde paradigmatik bir değişikliğin ilk zeminini ortayakoymuştur. Sosyal bilimlerin genelinde olduğu gibi psikoloji de bu değişimlerden veWittgenstein’ın felsefesinden paradigmatik düzeyde etkilenmiştir. Bu yazıda genel olarakWittgenstein’ın felsefesinin psikolojiyle ve bugünün sosyal psikolojisiyle olan ilişkisi eleştirelolarak incelenmiştir. Özel olarak ise Wittgenstein’ın felsefesinin eleştirel psikoloji akımınınortaya çıkmasına ve ana akım psikolojideki bağlamdan kopuk birey odaklı yaklaşımlarınirdelenmesine katkı sunduğunu savunuyoruz. Bu argümanı savunmak için ilk olarak psikolojininve özel olarak sosyal psikolojinin kısa bir tarihi verilecektir. Daha sonrasında erken dönem ve geçdönem olarak ayırdığımız iki farklı Wittgenstein portresi anlatılacak ve son olarakWittgenstein’ın çalışmalarının psikolojik çalışmalara olan etkisi tartışılacaktır.