The Moderator Role of Spirituality on the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Psychological Well-Being
| dc.contributor.author | Alzira G. Gireyhan | |
| dc.contributor.author | Gireyhan, Alzira G. | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-10-22T16:05:26Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
| dc.description.abstract | This study aims to investigate the relationship between fear of the COVID-19 Pandemic and psychological well-being in Turkey by concentrating on spirituality as a moderator role. Keeping in mind Turkey’s religious and spiritual beliefs and with the pandemic the relationship between spirituality fear of COVID-19 and well-being needs to be discussed. It is hypothesized that the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and psychological well-being will be moderated by individuals’ spirituality. The survey method was used and online data was gathered by a snowballing sample. The total of the sampling group consisted of 473 participants. In the analysis process Process Macro v3.5 was used for moderation analysis. The findings indicate that spirituality has a moderator role on the model especially when the spiritality of individuals’ was at a high or medium level. The results indicate that there is a moderator role of spirituality between the relationship of fear of COVID-19 and well-being and it was so among individuals who have medium to high spirituality. The importance of the findings are discussed. | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Abdollahi A. & Talib M. A. (2015). Spirituality moderates hopelessness and suicidal ideation among Iranian depressed adolescents. Death Studies 39(10) 579–583. https://doi.org/10.1080 /07481187.2015.1013163Arpaci I. Karataş K. & Baloğlu M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences 164 110108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108Chamberlain K. & Zika S. (1988). Religiosity life meaning and wellbeing: Some relationships in a sample of women. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 27(3) 411-420. doi:10.2307/1387379Del Castillo F. A. (2020). Health spirituality and Covid-19: Themes and insights. Journal of public health 185 1-2. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa185Diener E. & Diener C. (1996). Most people are happy. Psychological Science 7(3) 181-185.Durmuş M. & Durar E. (2021). The relationship between spiritual well-being and fear of COVID-19 among Turkish elders. Journal of Religion Spirituality & Aging 1-14. doi: 10.1080/15528030.2021.1894627Emmons R. A. Cheung C. & Tehrani K. (1998). Assessing spirituality through personal goals: Implications for research on religion and subjective well-being. Social indicators research 45(1-3) 391-422. doi: 10.1023/A:1006926720976Gillum R. F. & Ingram D. D. (2006). Frequency of attendance at religious services hypertension and blood pressure: The third national health and nutrition examination survey. Psychosomatic Medicine 68(3) 382–385. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000221253.90559.ddGralinski L. E. & Menachery V. D. (2020). Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses 12(2) 135. doi: 10.3390/v12020135Greeley A. & Hout M. (2006). Happiness and lifestyle among conservative Christians. The Truth about Conservative Christians1 150–161.GreenwayA. P. Phelan M. Turnbull S. & Milne L. C. (2007). Religious coping strategies and spiritual transcendence.MentalHealthReligion&Culture10(4) 325–333. doi:10.1080/13694670600719839Gülerce H. & Maraj H. A. (2021). Resilience and hopelessness in turkish society: Exploring the role of spirituality in the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 2021(63) 1-15. doi: 10.26650/JECS2020-0075.Haslam S. A. Jetten J. Postmes T. & Haslam C. (2009). Social identity health and well- being: An emerging agenda for applied psychology. Applied Psychology 58(1) 1–23. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00379.xIvtzan I. Chan C. P. L. Gardner H. E. & Prashar K. (2011). Linking religion and spirituality with psychological well-being: Examining self-actualisation meaning in life and personal growth initiative. Journal of Religion and Health 52(3) 915–929. doi:10.1007/s10943-011-9540-2Karaırmak Ö. & Korkut-Owen F. (2009). Tinsellik ölçeğinin psikometrik özellikleri: Açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi. X. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresi 21-23.Kasapoğlu F. (2020). Examining the relationship between fear of covid-19 and spiritual well- being. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling 5(3) 341-354. doi: 10.37898/spc.2020.5.3.121Keldal G. (2015). Warwick-edinburgh mental iyi oluş ölçeği’nin türkçe formu:Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being 3(1) 103-115.Keyes C. L. Shmotkin D. & Ryff C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of personality and social psychology 82(6) 1007–1022. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007Kim S. S. Reed P. G. Hayward R. D. Kang Y. & Koenig H. G. (2011). Spirituality and psychological well‒being: Testing a theory of family interdependence among family caregivers and their elders. Research in Nursing and Health 34(2) 103-115. doi: 10.1002/nur.20425.Koenig H. G. (2012). Religion spirituality and health: The research and clinical implications . ISRN Psychiatry 2012 1–33. doi:10.5402/2012/278730Koenig H. G. (2020). Maintaining health and well-being by putting faith into action during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health 1-10.Koenig H. G. Cohen H. J. George L. K. Hays J. C. Larson D. B. & Blazer D. G. (1997). Attendance at religious services interleukin-6 and other biological parameters of immune function in older adults. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 27(3) 233-250.Levin J. S. & Chatters L. M. (1998). Religion health and psychological well-being in older adults: Findings from three national surveys. Journal of aging and health 10(4) 504-531. doi: 10.1177/089826439801000406Li S. Wang Y. Xue J. Zhao N. & Zhu T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active Weibo users. International journal of environmental research and public health 17(6) 1-9. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17062032Lucchetti G. Góes L. G. Amaral S. G. Ganadjian G. T. Andrade I. Almeida P. O. de A. ... Manso M. E. G. (2020). Spirituality religiosity and the mental health consequences of social isolation during Covid-19 pandemic . International Journal of Social Psychiatry 00 1-8. doi:10.1177/0020764020970996Lucas R. E. & Diener E. (2010). Personality and subjective well-being. In O. P. John R. W. Robins & L. A. Pervin (Eds.). Handbook of personality: Theory and research. (pp. 45-76). New York: The Guilford Press.Maraj H. A. Gülerce H. Rana S. & Meraj M. (2020). Resilience and hopelessness: Exploring the mediator role of spirituality in the global situation of covid-19. Jurnal Kajian Wilayah 11(1) 1-16. doi: 10.14203/jkw.v11i1.844Milliman J. Czaplewski A. J. & Ferguson J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes an exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management 16(4) 426-447. doi: 10.1108/09534810310484172Mishra S. K. Togneri E. Tripathi B. & Trikamji B. (2017). Spirituality and religiosity and its role in health and diseases. Journal of religion and health 56(4) 1282-1301. doi: 10.1007/s10943-015-0100-zMortazavi F. Mehrabadi M. & KiaeeTabar R. (2021). Pregnant women’s well-being and worry during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 21(59). doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03548-4Ozturk A. (2013). Uludağ üniversitesi eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin öznel iyi oluş düzeyleri ise tinsellik iyimserlik kaygı ve olumsuz duygu düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jspPetersen L. & Roy A. (1985). Religiosity anxiety and meaning and purpose: Religion’s consequences for psychological well-being. Review of Religious Research 27(1) 49-62. doi:10.2307/3511937Prazeres F. Passos L. Simoes J. A. Simoes P. Martins C. & Teixeira A. (2020). COVID-19-related fear and anxiety: Spiritual-religious coping in healthcare workers in portugal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(1) 1-11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010220Qiu J. Shen B. Zhao M. Wang Z. Xie B. & Xu Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry 33(2) 1-3. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213Raghavan R. Ferlic-Stark L. Clarke C. Rungta M. & Goodgame R. (2013). The role of patient religiosity in the evaluation and treatment outcomes for chronic HCV infection. Journal of religion and health 52(1) 79-90. doi: 10.1007/s10943-011-9455-ySahin M. (2020). Impact of weather on Covid-19 pandemic in Turkey. Science of Total Environment 728 1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138810.Tiliouine H. Cummins R. A. & Davern M. (2009). Islamic religiosity subjective well-being and health. Mental Health Religion & Culture 12(1) 55-74. doi: 10.1080/13674670802118099Turska E. & Stepien-Lampa N. (2021). Well-being of Polish university students after the first year of the coronavirus pandemic: The role of core self-evaluations social support and fear of COVID-19. Plos One 16(11). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259296Velavan T. P. & Meyer C. G. (2020). The Covid-19 epidemic. Tropical Medicine & International Health 25(3)278-280. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13383.Weston S. & Frieman M. B. (2020). COVID-19: knowns unknowns and questions. Msphere5(2) 1-5. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00203-20Williams D. R. & Sternthal M. J. (2007). Spirituality religion and health: evidence and research directions. Medical Journal of Australia 186(S10). doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01040.xWitter R.A. Stock W.A. Okun M.A. & Haring M. J. (1985). Religion and subjective wellbeing in adult hood: A quantitative synthesis. Review of Religious Research 26(3) 332-342. doi: 10.2307/3511048 World Health Organization (2022 March 10). Retrieved from https://covid19.who.int/Zhang J. Lu H. Zeng H. Zhang S. Du Q. Jiang T. & Du B. (2020). The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Brain Behavior and Immunity. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.031Zu Z.Y. Jiang M. D. Xu P. P. Chen W. Ni Q. Q. Lu G. M. & Zhang L. J. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A perspective from China. Radiology 296(2). doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200490 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2458-9675 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://gcris.yasar.edu.tr/handle/123456789/10611 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/en/yayin/detay/1111344 | |
| dc.language.iso | İngilizce | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | Spiritual Psychology and Counseling | |
| dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.source | Spiritual Psychology and Counseling | |
| dc.subject | Din Bilimi-Psikoloji | |
| dc.subject | Din Bilimi | |
| dc.subject | Psikoloji | |
| dc.title | The Moderator Role of Spirituality on the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Psychological Well-Being | |
| dc.type | Article | |
| dc.type | Article | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| gdc.author.id | 0000-0002-7203-5128 | |
| gdc.author.institutional | Gireyhan, Alzira G. | |
| gdc.coar.type | text::journal::journal article | |
| gdc.description.department | ||
| gdc.description.departmenttemp | [Gireyhan, Alzira G.] Yaşar Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, İzmir, Türkiye | |
| gdc.description.endpage | 156 | |
| gdc.description.issue | 2 | |
| gdc.description.publicationcategory | Makale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı | |
| gdc.description.startpage | 143 | |
| gdc.description.volume | 7 | |
| gdc.identifier.trdizinid | 1111344 | |
| gdc.index.type | TR-Dizin | |
| oaire.citation.endPage | 156 | |
| oaire.citation.startPage | 143 | |
| publicationissue.issueNumber | 2 | |
| publicationvolume.volumeNumber | 7 | |
| relation.isOrgUnitOfPublication | ac5ddece-c76d-476d-ab30-e4d3029dee37 | |
| relation.isOrgUnitOfPublication.latestForDiscovery | ac5ddece-c76d-476d-ab30-e4d3029dee37 |